Torrential rains in Karachi have once again revealed the city’s fragmented governance, chronic underfunding, and collapsing infrastructure. Despite facing similar climate shocks, Mumbai absorbs the impact and recovers due to stronger institutions and a robust financial base, while Karachi repeatedly falters. Ranked as the 4th least liveable city in the world, Karachi spends just $14–$25 per person annually, compared to Mumbai’s $160. Experts warn that without $10 billion in urgent investment and unified governance reforms, Pakistan’s economic hub risks complete collapse.
